Measuring temps can help with crop production
With the current temperatures that have sweltered into the 80s and sunny skies, the soybean, alfalfa and corn fields have been baking. Recently, we looked at a corn field and a winter wheat field that were side-by-side. The temperature was measured three inches below and on the surface. The corn field averaged 93 degrees at three inches down, and a sizzling 110 degrees on the surface. However, the winter wheat has been keeping in its range since mid May with 75 degree temperatures in the soil and 77 to 78 degree temps on the surface.
The reason we look at soil temps right now is crop efficiency. Once soil temps get above 80 degrees, the crop’s ability to take in moisture and access nutrients becomes more and more restricted. For example, at 90 degrees plants can only get 15 percent of the moisture and nutrients it needs. Once soil gets above 110 degrees, the organisms that benefit the crop die. This is also when we see cracking on the soil surface, stressed plants, rough field conditions, just to name a few problems. These reasons are why we are seeing cover crop programs, minimum tillage systems and adding winter grains in rotations becoming more popular. These things help regulate moisture, maintain steady soil temps and help stimulate field systems to better withstand “too dry” or “too wet.” If you want to check your fields, gardens or food plots, it is very easy. Digital or old-school thermometers can get picked up in any garden section at the hardware store or purchased online for generally $15-$30. Infrared thermometers will be in the electric section at your local department store, or also online and are usually $25-$90. Test between 1-2 p.m., or take two measurements in the morning and afternoon. Seeding depth to three inches deep is a great range for sub surface temps, between row and inrow (next to the plant). Make sure when you are shooting the laser on the top to not point it at a rock. Maybe these are extra things to buy, but I can guarantee they will unlock more answers in your fields, and make the best conversations around the ‘30-pack.’ Now, here are your conservation and agronomic executive points:
_ Recent rainfall in the area will begin to provide relief for the row crops. Nitrogen applications on corn have been timely and, especially with N-fixation products applied, has been staying on the field. Soybeans have been stilling stagnant in the drier soil conditions, but recent rain are beginning to help the ‘beans to ‘snap out of it.’
_ Aphids have been coming on strong, but timely cuttings and parasites have been keeping their damage limited. Damage can be mostly seen near budding. If you see less than 100 in one sweep of a net, or a lot of pink colored ones then you are OK.
_ Deer flies are insane in the woods, wood edges or bodies of water. If you are going to enjoy a farm pond, hike in the woods or go for a morning jog, get some bug spray on. Fun tip: deer flies will attack the highest point, so if you raise your fist, or take a stick with a hat at the end, the flies will buzz around it. You’ll look silly, but it’ll be more comfortable.
_ Lots of colorful birds are still active for backyard viewing. Use sunflower seed to really attract red and yellow finches, red breasted grossbeaks, cardinals and woodpeckers. Those with open areas will be lucky to see tree swallows with the high insect activity. Don’t forget to keep grape jelly out for the orioles and something tasty for the humming birds.
THE SOIL
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